16 July 2012

A Robot Takes Stock

The short figure creeping around the Carnegie Mellon University campus store in a hooded sweatshirt recently isn't some shoplifter, but a robot taking inventory. Andyvision, as it's called, scans the shelves to generate a real-time interactive map of the store, which customers can browse via an in-store screen. At the same time, the robot performs a detailed inventory check, identifying each item on the shelves, and alerting employees if stock is low or if an item has been misplaced. While making its rounds, the robot uses a combination of image-processing and machine-learning algorithms; a database of 3D and 2D images showing the store's stock; and a basic map of the store's layout—for example, where the T-shirts are stacked, and where the mugs live.


The robot has proximity sensors so that it doesn't run into anything. None of the technologies it uses are new in themselves. It's the combination of different types of algorithms running on a low-power system that makes the system unique. The map generated by the robot is sent to a large touch-screen system in the store and a real-time inventory list is sent to iPad-carrying staff. The robot uses a few different tricks to identify items. It looks for barcodes and text; and uses information about the shape, size, and color of an object to determine its identity. These are all pretty conventional computer-vision tasks. But the robot also identifies objects based on information about the structure of the store, and items belong next to each other.

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