By studying an
artificial neural network, researchers at New York University in the US may
have gained a better understanding of how and why our memories fade over time. The team has
found evidence that the stable, repeating neural patterns associated with newer
memories transform into more chaotic patterns over time, and eventually fade to
random noise. This could be a mechanism used by our brains to clear space for
new memories. In some models of the brain, memories are stored in repeating
patterns of information exchange called attractor networks. These form within
webs of interconnected nodes that are used to represent the neurons in our
brains. These nodes convey information by emitting signals at specific
firing rates. Nodes that receive signals will then generate their own signals,
thereby exchanging information with their neighbours. The strengths of these
exchanges are weighted by the degree of synchronization between pairs of nodes.
Researchers suggest
that our brains must have evolved a mechanism for losing memories over time. To
test this theory, they simulated neural networks in which the weights between connected
nodes in an attractor network will gradually diminish as new memories are
imprinted. They found that this caused older attractor networks to shift into
more chaotic states over time. These networks featured faster fluctuating
patterns. These patterns of firing signals never perfectly repeat, and can
coexist far better with newer, stable attractor networks. Eventually, this
increasing randomness causes older attractor networks to fade into random noise,
and the memory they carry is forgotten. Altogether, the
researchers hope their theory could help to explain how our minds are able to
constantly take in new information, at the price of losing older memories.
Their insights could help neurologist to better understands how our brains
store and retrieve memories, and why they ultimately fade over time.
More information:
https://physicsworld.com/a/chaos-plays-a-role-in-how-memories-are-forgotten-simulations-suggest/